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Xinnuo titanium wires

Xinnuo titanium wires

Pure titanium wire is a silvery white metal, it has many excellent performance. The density of titanium was 4.54g / cm3, 43% lighter than steel, lighter than the prestigious magnesium slightly heavier. Mechanical strength of steel but with similar, more than twice as large as aluminum, magnesium than five times. Titanium, high temperature, the melting point of 1942K, higher than that of gold near 1000K, higher than that of steel nearly 500K.Titanium alloy wire with carbon to form stable carbides a higher hardness. Growth carbonized layer between titanium and carbon diffusion rate of titanium carbide layer to decide.

The basic properties of titanium

The basic properties of titanium

Atomic structure
    Titanium is located in the periodic table ⅣB family, atomic number 22, atomic nuclei by protons and 22 neutrons 20-32 months, extranuclear structure arranged 1S22S22P63S23D24S2. 5x10-13 cm radius of the nucleus.
Physical Properties
    The density of titanium is 4.506-4.516 g / cm (20 ℃), the melting point of 1668 ± 4 ℃, latent heat of fusion 3.7-5.0 kcal / g-atom, the boiling point of 3260 ± 20 ℃, latent heat of vaporization 102.5-112.5 kcal / gram atom, critical temperature 4350 ℃, the critical pressure 1130 atm. Thermal and electrical conductivity properties of titanium is poor, similar or slightly lower than stainless steel, titanium superconducting, titanium superconducting critical temperature 0.38-0.4K. At 25 ℃, the heat capacity of titanium is 0.126 cal / gram atom · degree, enthalpy 1149 cal / g-atom, the entropy of 7.33 cal / g atom · degree, titanium is paramagnetic, permeability of 1.00004.
   titanium material has plasticity, high elongation titanium up to 50-60% reduction of 70-80%, but low intensity, not suitable for structural materials. The presence of impurities in titanium, a great effect on the mechanical properties, in particular interstitial impurities (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon) can greatly increase the strength of titanium, significantly reducing its ductility. Titanium as a structural material has good mechanical properties, that is, by strict control of impurities and where appropriate to add alloying elements to achieve.
Chemical properties
titanium plates for saleat higher temperatures, can react with many elements and compounds. Various elements, according to the occurrence of different reactions and titanium can be divided into four categories:
    The first category: halogen and chalcogen covalent bond with the formation of titanium compound and an ionic bond;
    The second category: transition elements, hydrogen, beryllium, boron family, clan carbon and nitrogen elements and titanium intermetallic compounds and limited solid solution;
    The third category: zirconium, hafnium, vanadium family and chromium family element scandium and titanium to generate an infinite solid solution;
    The fourth category: an inert gas, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth elements (except scandium outside), actinium, thorium, which do not react with the titanium or substantially non-reactive.

History of titanium

History of titanium

   1791 British clergyman W. Gregor (Gregor) discovered a new metal elements in black magnetite. In 1795 the German chemist M. H. Carat Preuss (Klaproth) rutile in the study also found that the elements, and is named after the Greek god of the Titans. 1910 American scientist M. A. Hunter (Hunter) for the first time with a sodium reduction TiCI: Preparation of titanium. 1940 Luxembourg scientist W. J. Kroll (kroll) with magnesium reduction TiCl: prepared titanium. Since then, the magnesium reduction method (also known as the Kroll process) and sodium reduction method (also known as Hunt France) became the industrial production of titanium sponge method. In 1948 the United States out of the magnesium reduction process 2t titanium sponge, from reaching industrial scale. Subsequently, the United Kingdom, day / the former Soviet Union and China have also entered the industrial production, one of the major producing country of the former Soviet Union titanium, day / and the United States.
   titanium target is a new metal, because it has a series of excellent features, aviation, aerospace, chemical, petroleum, metallurgy, light industry, power, desalination, ships and everyday appliances are widely used in industrial production, which is hailed for modern metal. Titanium metal production from 1948 has only half a century of history, it is accompanied by the aerospace industry and developed new industries. Its development has withstood several ups and downs, this is because titanium and aircraft industry-related reasons. Overall, however, the speed of development of titanium is very fast, it is more than any other non-ferrous metals pace of development. This can be seen from the development of the world's titanium sponge industry: titanium sponge production scale of the 1960s 60kt / a, 70 years for 1lOkt / a, 80 years of 130kt / a, to 1992 has reached 140kt / a. Actual production in 1990 reached record levels, as 105kt / a. Currently, the world's titanium sponge production capacity of manufacturers and are listed in Table 1-1.
     After entering the 1990s, due to the reduced amount of titanium mesh and some Russian military and other countries to sell stocks of titanium sponge, so a few years ago a weak market. 1995 Titanium market began to rise, mainly due to a substantial increase in the amount of the civil B777 titanium and other civilian aircraft and golf clubs, titanium demand in 1996 reached a new high point. Experts predict that within the next few years the demand for titanium will continue to grow more substantial. At present, the main reason is to prevent the application of titanium expensive. It is expected that with the advancement of science and technology and titanium production process of continuous improvement, to expand production capacity and improve enterprise management level, to further reduce the cost of titanium products, is bound to open up a wider range of titanium market.

Titanium Application

Titanium Application

     titanium rod is a new structural material, it has excellent performance, such as low density (~ 4.5gcm-3), strength and fracture toughness than the ratio, strength and resistance to fatigue crack propagation ability, good low-temperature toughness, corrosion excellent performance, maximum operating temperature titanium alloy for some 550ºC, is expected to reach 700ºC. So it gets increasingly widely used in aviation, aerospace, chemical, shipbuilding and other industrial sectors, is developing rapidly. Light alloy, steel, etc. (σ0.2 / density) versus temperature, stronger than the titanium alloy is higher than other light metals, steel and nickel alloys, and this advantage can be maintained to about 500ºC, so some of the titanium is adapted manufacture of gas turbine components. Approximately 80% of titanium production for the aviation and aerospace industries. Airframe structural materials such as the US B-1 bomber, the titanium about 21%, mainly used in the manufacture of the fuselage, wings, skin, and bearing components. Airframe structural materials F-15 fighter, the titanium alloy with a capacity of 7000kg, accounting for about 34% of the weight of the structure. Boeing 757 aircraft structural parts, titanium or about 5%, with a capacity of 3640 kg. McDonnell Douglas (Mc-Donnell-Dounlas) produced by DC10 aircraft alloy with a capacity 5500kg, accounting for more than 10% of the weight of the structure. The amount of titanium in the chemical and general engineering areas: United States accounts for about 15% of its production in Europe accounts for about 40%. Due to the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium mesh and its alloys, good mechanical properties, as well as qualified histocompatibility, making for the production of biological materials such as prosthetic devices.

Titanium Performance

Titanium Performance

         1, low density, high specific strength
         The density of titanium is 4.51g / cm3, higher aluminum and less than iron, copper, nickel, but the head of the metal strength located
         2, corrosion resistance
         Titanium is a very reactive metal, which is very low equilibrium potential, thermodynamic corrosion tendency in the medium is large, but in fact the titanium is very stable in many media, such as titanium in an oxidizing, neutral or weakly reducing medium is corrosion resistance. This is because titanium has a great affinity for oxygen, in the air or an oxygen-containing medium, the surface of titanium to produce a dense, strong adhesion, inert large oxide film, protects the titanium substrate from corrosion, even if the mechanical wear will soon heal or regenerate. This shows that titanium is a metal with a strong passive tendencies. Medium temperature below 315 * c titanium oxide film remains this feature.
          3, good heat resistance
          New titanium alloy wire under long-term use of 600 * C or higher temperatures.

          4, good low temperature performance
         Its strength with decreasing temperature increase, but the plastic change is not large, good ductility and toughness at low temperature -196-253 ℃. Avoid cold brittle metal, is an ideal material for cryogenic vessels, tanks and other equipment.

          5, anti-damping properties.
          After medical titanium alloy subjected to mechanical vibration, electrical vibration, compared with steel, copper, its vibration damping longest, do take advantage of this performance titanium fork, ultrasonic vibrating element grinder medicine and advanced audio speaker vibration film.

          6, non-magnetic, non-toxic
          Titanium is non-magnetic metal, a large magnetic field will not be magnetized, non-toxic and with human tissue and blood have good compatibility, they were using the medical profession.

          7, the tensile yield strength of its proximity
         This performance titanium shows its yield ratio (tensile / yield strength) high, indicating that the metal material is too poor in the molding of plastic deformation, due to the ratio of yield strength and elastic modulus of titanium, causing titanium molding rebound capacity.

In addition to chemical impurities vanadium titanium tube

In addition to chemical impurities vanadium titanium tube

     Vanadium and seamless titanium tube and a small amount of impurities mainly VOCl3 discretion VCI4, their presence makes TC4 titanium tube yellow. In addition to the purpose of refining vanadium, not only for bleaching but also for oxygen. This is an extremely important part of the refining process.
   welded titanium tube and vanadium impurities ask discretion tube boiling point difference and relative volatility are relatively small, such as a two-component system titanium tube -VOCl3 boiling point difference is 10 ℃, the relative volatility of d = 1.22; and TC4 titanium alloy tube -VCl4 two lines boiling point difference of 14 degrees Celsius. Nevertheless, in theory, the use of physical methods are possible in addition to vanadium impurities, such as efficient use of the rectification column in addition to vanadium. The advantage of this method is that without the use of chemicals, refined enough continuous production process, easy to automate, isolated VCl4 VOCl3 and can be used directly. The disadvantage is that the energy consumption, large investment in equipment, but also need to address the structure of power kettle, put have not been applied in industry.
     In addition, TC4 titanium tube -V0Cl3 freezing point line two quite different points, a difference of about 54 degrees Celsius, and therefore can be used in addition to freezing crystallization VOCI3 but the energy consumption is frozen
Large, so it did not get industrial applications.
     For this reason is often used in addition to chemical vanadium. Vanadium is a chemical method in addition to adding a chemical reagent in a titanium tube, so VOCl3 (or VCl4) impurity selective reduction or selective precipitation alum form insoluble compounds and TC4 titanium alloy tube separated from each other or the selective adsorption of VoCl3 (or VCl4), vanadium impurities and TC4 titanium alloy tube separated from each other; or selective dissolution of VOCl2, so alum 7icld impurities and separated from each other. We can say that a low-technology equipment simply better long costs, labor conditions are good, but easy to achieve continuous operation in addition to vanadium process has not been established. This is also the TC4 titanium tube refining process requires study.