Classification of titanium alloys

Classification of titanium alloys

   titanium alloys is allotrope, melting point 1720 ℃, showed a close-packed hexagonal lattice structure, called α titanium at temperatures below 882 ℃; body-centered cubic structure over 882 ℃ character was called β titanium. The use of the different characteristics of the two titanium structures, adding appropriate alloying elements, so that the phase transition temperature, and gradually change the phase content of different tissues obtained titanium alloy bar. At room temperature, there are three titanium matrix organization, titanium will be divided into the following three categories: α alloy '(α + β) alloys and β alloys. China respectively TA, TC, TB, said.
α titanium
It is a single phase alloy consisting of α-phase solid solution, either at ambient temperatures or at higher temperatures the practical application, are the α phase, organizational stability, wear resistance higher than that of pure titanium, high resistance to oxidation. At a temperature of 500 ℃ ~ 600 ℃, and maintains its strength and creep resistance, but can not be heat strengthened, not high temperature strength.
β titanium alloy
It is a single-phase alloy consisting of β-phase solid solution, that is not heat-treated after having a high strength, hardening, aging alloy has been further strengthened, the room temperature strength of up to 1372 ~ 1666 MPa; but poor thermal stability, and should not be used at high temperatures .
α + β titanium alloy
It is duplex alloys, has a good overall performance, good organizational stability, good toughness, ductility and high temperature deformation properties, can better thermal pressure processing, can be quenched, aging of the alloy strengthening. Strength after the heat treatment higher than the annealed state of about 50% to 100%; high temperature strength, long-term work at a temperature of 400 ℃ ~ 500 ℃, the thermal stability is inferior α titanium alloy.
The most commonly used three kinds of titanium alloy is α and α + β titanium alloy; α titanium alloy machinability best, α + p titanium followed, β titanium worst. α titanium codenamed TA, β titanium codenamed TB, α + β titanium codenamed TC.
   Titanium can be divided according to use heat-resistant alloys, high-strength alloys, corrosion resistant alloy (Ti - molybdenum, titanium - palladium alloys, etc.), low-temperature alloys and special features alloy (Ti - Fe hydrogen storage materials and titanium - nickel shape memory alloy), etc. . Table typical composition and performance of the alloy.
Titanium heat treatment can be obtained by adjusting the heat treatment process and the organization of different phases. Generally considered fine equiaxed has good ductility, thermal stability and fatigue strength; needle tissue has a high rupture strength, creep strength and fracture toughness; equiaxed and needle hybrid organization has good overall performance.

Use of the main advantages of titanium construction of submarines

1960s, the United States and the Soviet Union formed a relatively stable titanium and titanium alloys and welding technology, titanium and titanium began to be used to build naval vessels. Taking into account such factors as cost, titanium and titanium alloys are mainly used in the manufacture of submarine pressure hull, the United States and the former Soviet Union on a multi-class submarines were used titanium material, including titanium pipe price used in the former Soviet submarine in the manufacture of the world's leading level.

Use titanium construction of submarines main advantage of titanium material properties corresponding to expand the submarine ride Shen advantage describe the scope of the seabed, and by reducing the likelihood of anti-submarine zone submarine depth charges hit the public considered to be high-intensity or greater than the strong dive depth delay propeller empty The emergence of the bubble, reduce propeller noise low magnetic radiation to reduce the likelihood of finding the submarine Magnetic Detector greater displacement of low-density expansion of the submarine interior space, more weapons and equipment to accommodate
Roughly 1960 years ago, the former Soviet Union completed the technical preparations titanium materials processing and welding, etc., and then built using titanium pressure hull of a Class A (alpha level) submarines, surface displacement of 2300 tons, limit potential depth 400 m. Since then, the former Soviet Union became a naval build A, M, P, S four titanium alloy plate submarine pressure hull,
All levels of the former Soviet submarine titanium shell

Displacement speed Model Code Type dive deep water / underwater (t) limit / Work (m) water / underwater (section)
The number of active cases construction
661 P-class cruise 5197/7000 550/400 25 / 44.7 1 decommissioning
705,705K A class attack 2300/3180 400/320 14 / 41.0 7 dismantling
685 M-class attack 5880/8500 1250/1000 14 / 30.6 1 sinking
945,945A S class attack 6470/8500 600/480 18/35 43 vessel which service Source: Huatai Securities Institute finishing

Due to confidentiality reasons involving our military submarine unknown, but estimates have been developed in an orderly manner submarine. Reference - absorption - Innovation - localization is the reality of our current choice, once applied to future large-scale naval boat ship, titanium tubing demand will further open space.

titanium wires 3D printing leading Chinese manufacturing rise again

3D printing technology is standing on the shoulders of giants progress. 3D technology is the crystallization of a three-dimensional laser technology and computer technology is the titanium wire manufacturers inevitable result of the three-dimensional computer technology developed in the late 1960s and 1990s, laser technology and the rapid development of fusion development. Depending on the available material types and physical characteristics , corresponding to a different print mode and the corresponding 3D printing technology .
    3D printing is not a panacea , or with traditional manufacturing "complementarity and common prosperity ." On the one hand , compared with the traditional manufacturing , 3D printing technology is the biggest feature of the manufacturing process "addition" principle, that step by step according to three-dimensional computer graphic design "stacking " of the product , such as manufacturing production to titanium wires avoid the traditional production process the waste materials , raw materials can be fully utilized . 3D technology also difficult to manufacture traditional manufacturing process , especially the structure of complex products , and can even be personalized manufacturing . On the other hand , 3D printing is also drawbacks , such as 3D printing is difficult for large-scale production, printing materials is limited and expensive printing equipment , etc., is difficult to determine the 3D printing completely replace traditional manufacturing .
American Civil 3D printing industry chain gradually mature : 3D printing industry in the United States , 3DSvstems and StratasVs is the most representative companies in the 3D printer is also the world's leading companies in the field of industrial chain collaboration developed into a major commercial 3D printing industry mode. Although 3DSVstems company and the company's business structure Stratasvs not identical , but there are consistent characteristics in the collaborative development of products , 3DSvstems company in addition to 3D printing equipment, sales of 3D printing services and 3D printing materials are also two major business companies , and StratasVs company more emphasis on 3D printing equipment sales, sales of 3D printing equipment company's total revenue accounted for more than 80%, 3D printing service is becoming another source of operating income .
China 3D printing technology is expected to come from behind . Although China is a gap in terms of civilian series 3D printing industry chain and product presence and abroad, but in the high-end high-performance 3D printing that is difficult to build large, complex metal processing laser direct manufacturing R & D China catch up. Professor Wang Huaming Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics inventive driven R & D team in the world for the first time developed a titanium complex components of 3D printing technology, making China the leading United States made ​​substantial progress in high-end printing , access to defense science and technology progress award. Professor Wang Huaming this significant research results on China , making China shortens the high-end manufacturing and foreign high-end equipment manufacturing gap may even be making the Chinese high-end equipment manufacturing to keep pace with foreign high-end equipment manufacturing technology to achieve leapfrog development.
Soldiers and civilians , " wheeled" to enhance China 3D printing development. The first area is used for personal / family entertainment or children's intellectual development and other fields . titanium welding wire The second area is dedicated to research and development. Mainly for professional development in a variety of products, especially related to development practitioners. Developed by these professionals can engage in prototyping and 3D printing product trial . The third field is applied to the individual functional areas of relatively high demand . This area with the biggest difference is the first area of specialization , rather than entertainment . The fourth main application areas is the direct field of application of manufacturing processes , such as high-end traditional manufacturing process difficult machining parts. This area for the most demanding 3D technology , materials are generally high melting point metal , corresponding to the price of the device is relatively expensive. Processing of large aircraft such as load-bearing structure , landing gear or engines, gas turbines , such as leaf discs .