1 , production
The first half of 2013 the country produced titanium sponge 41015t ( first half of 2012 the production of titanium sponge 37454t), inventory 8460t. An increase of 9.5% titanium sponge , but the stock more than at the end of 2012 3660t 4800t. Taking into account the first half of 2012 titanium sponge basically no inventory in the first half of 2013 , titanium wire manufacturers sales of titanium sponge in fact declined by 3.3%.
The first half of 2013 , the country produced titanium ingots 22079t, down 32.0% .
In the first half of 2013 , the country produced titanium mill 22688t ( first half of 2012 production of titanium mill 30158t), down 24.8%.
2 , import and export
The first half of 2013 , the country imported titanium sponge 346.5t, an increase over last year 's 301.7t 44.8t; export 2309t, fell by 26.4%. Since the decline of foreign demand, capacity rises , leading to an increase in imports of titanium sponge , exports fell .
In the first half of 2013 , the titanium wires country imported titanium mill 2254t, down 16.3% ; export titanium mill 4815t, down 19.9%. Titanium processing timber imports and exports both declined .
3, the price situation
Since the second half of 2012 , the price of titanium products, all the way down , as of July 2013 level of titanium sponge prices have fallen below 50,000 yuan / t mark, dropping to 49,000 yuan / t. TA2 class standard 3.0mm thick titanium plate prices have fallen 125,000 yuan / t. Both to historical lows.
1-3 from the above situation, the first half of 2013 due to weak demand , prices dip , titanium industry in the preservation of basic operations .
4 Highlights
△ long been recognized due to the current situation , most enterprises to adapt to industrial transformation and upgrading of national policy , pay close attention to internal technical and management upgrading, handling skills , reduce costs , in order to survive.
△ Since optimistic outlook for the titanium industry , most companies are targeting the industry marine, aviation and medical titanium products for technology development, as many SMEs are actively developing titanium tubing, technically a step ahead in order , so as to promote industry-wide technology enhance the level .
△ from import and export data, the first half of 2013 , exports of the country pipe greater than imports , this is the first time with a net exporter in the pipe, which indicates that domestic processing capacity and level of titanium tubing had a great progress.
5 , the proposed
△ hope to establish purchasing and storage policy normalization titanium products , titanium products, especially now at the lowest price when the titanium products, purchasing and storage , the state of the industry are very favorable .
△ hope to further encourage titanium welding wire titanium , zirconium export products , especially hoping to carry out timely titanium, zirconium products processing trade business, while ensuring environmental protection of the premise, to promote the stable development of titanium, zirconium industry.
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2014年4月25日星期五
titanium wires Titanium on " blue ocean economy " door
Recently, in an exclusive interview with Phoenix Chinese Academy of Engineering , Chinese experts in the field of marine corrosion and protection HOU Bao-rong eyes when the "Qingdao blue titanium wire manufacturers economy" , HOU Bao-rong Academy , said: " China's marine corrosion- year loss of 1.6 trillion yuan , accounting for to 3% of the country 's GDP. corrosion damage silently happen all the time , the sum of all the loss of typhoons, floods and erosion , such as the loss is not multiplied by 6 , we calculated that an economic accounts, the corrosion loss per year is assumed to be 1000 yuan , it can be said corrosion seriously affecting economic development . "
Prevent corrosion, reduce corrosion , long way to go . Titanium and titanium alloy with rocket ascended into the sea with the dragon , which is determined by its excellent performance , in which corrosion resistance of titanium is a highlight. How to play the titanium wires excellent performance of titanium into the ocean "blue economy" to go, is the direction of the titanium industry development, but also a very great potential for development . In the past , said titanium high corrosion costs , promote the use of slower. Thus, the copper in the marine , chemical industry antiseptic always dominated . Titanium - excellent corrosion resistance has become a "hot ( expensive ) " - to see unavailable.
The new material is excavated in comparison , the excellent performance is the show out of alignment .
According to the research , the desalination project, titanium is the best metal material instead of copper . Since titanium has a low density, high strength, good corrosion resistance , heat resistance and ease of molding , etc. , has become the biggest competitor of copper. But in the past , due to the price of titanium is very expensive, in addition to the Middle East and other wealthy countries with major desalination projects titanium , the market generally unbearable. Although titanium has strong activity in the seawater above 100 ℃ , easily absorbed atomic states or molecular hydrogen embrittlement resulting material , but its performance is still better than the excellent copper. Currently, titanium is mainly used in desalination device heat pipe . Technical multi-stage flash desalination plant matures , water volume, high -quality fresh water , desalination of low cost , wide application range , stable operation , coupled with its use of low-grade thermal power plants , improve energy efficiency, 78% of the world the fresh water is made using the evaporation method. Currently , some domestic Institute has developed a series of marine corrosion engineering alloys, such as Ti75, Ti31 and Ti631 and so on.
Performance advantages of titanium has emerged . Technology, capable of independent research and development of basic applications. In the past , said the price of titanium expensive , high cost. Today, about 50,000 yuan price of titanium sponge , titanium processing material prices have "water drop ship low" , with the price of copper is almost the same , sometimes even less than the price of copper , which created the performance of titanium into the desalination , the cost of the dual advantage. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of titanium and other than copper and other metals, the use of the natural life cycle extension . Comprehensive comparison of various factors , titanium into the desalination field advantage has been fully demonstrated , open the titanium in the ocean "blue economy" to ease the titanium titanium waste of resources caused by overcapacity , full titanium " useless " in R & D already has a market potential of performance, cost, cycle.
Water to the sea to solve the water crisis. Titanium has a broad market prospect in desalination applications. It is reported that 70% of the world's population are living in economically developed areas away from coastal areas within 200 km of the coast range , therefore , the implementation of desalination to solve the water crisis is a pressing task , but also an important way to solve the water crisis. Select the anti-corrosion material is bound to implement desalination , " an important tool " to solve the water crisis. As a third titanium rise of twenty-first century , has had the advantage of alternative copper from the performance , cost, life cycle , Titanium people should stop studying , refining titanium intrinsic value in desalination applications.
Recently, the reporter from the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, titanium , zirconium and hafnium branch was informed of titanium and its alloys from the original field of aviation demand driven development so far , with the play of its excellent performance , and now applications in the field of marine engineering has been fully validated , promotion value is very clear that countries in the submersible , deep-sea research station has been put on the application of titanium on the agenda . With titanium gradually entering the marine field, and its superior performance and quality titanium develop a broader space for development of marine titanium welding wire economy in pulling .
Excellent corrosion resistance of titanium is bound in the " blue economy" has its uses, blessing in human society .
Former aerospace titanium pulling flying in the sky. Future , marine engineering applications of titanium will roam the deep extension of the brilliant world .
Prevent corrosion, reduce corrosion , long way to go . Titanium and titanium alloy with rocket ascended into the sea with the dragon , which is determined by its excellent performance , in which corrosion resistance of titanium is a highlight. How to play the titanium wires excellent performance of titanium into the ocean "blue economy" to go, is the direction of the titanium industry development, but also a very great potential for development . In the past , said titanium high corrosion costs , promote the use of slower. Thus, the copper in the marine , chemical industry antiseptic always dominated . Titanium - excellent corrosion resistance has become a "hot ( expensive ) " - to see unavailable.
The new material is excavated in comparison , the excellent performance is the show out of alignment .
According to the research , the desalination project, titanium is the best metal material instead of copper . Since titanium has a low density, high strength, good corrosion resistance , heat resistance and ease of molding , etc. , has become the biggest competitor of copper. But in the past , due to the price of titanium is very expensive, in addition to the Middle East and other wealthy countries with major desalination projects titanium , the market generally unbearable. Although titanium has strong activity in the seawater above 100 ℃ , easily absorbed atomic states or molecular hydrogen embrittlement resulting material , but its performance is still better than the excellent copper. Currently, titanium is mainly used in desalination device heat pipe . Technical multi-stage flash desalination plant matures , water volume, high -quality fresh water , desalination of low cost , wide application range , stable operation , coupled with its use of low-grade thermal power plants , improve energy efficiency, 78% of the world the fresh water is made using the evaporation method. Currently , some domestic Institute has developed a series of marine corrosion engineering alloys, such as Ti75, Ti31 and Ti631 and so on.
Performance advantages of titanium has emerged . Technology, capable of independent research and development of basic applications. In the past , said the price of titanium expensive , high cost. Today, about 50,000 yuan price of titanium sponge , titanium processing material prices have "water drop ship low" , with the price of copper is almost the same , sometimes even less than the price of copper , which created the performance of titanium into the desalination , the cost of the dual advantage. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of titanium and other than copper and other metals, the use of the natural life cycle extension . Comprehensive comparison of various factors , titanium into the desalination field advantage has been fully demonstrated , open the titanium in the ocean "blue economy" to ease the titanium titanium waste of resources caused by overcapacity , full titanium " useless " in R & D already has a market potential of performance, cost, cycle.
Water to the sea to solve the water crisis. Titanium has a broad market prospect in desalination applications. It is reported that 70% of the world's population are living in economically developed areas away from coastal areas within 200 km of the coast range , therefore , the implementation of desalination to solve the water crisis is a pressing task , but also an important way to solve the water crisis. Select the anti-corrosion material is bound to implement desalination , " an important tool " to solve the water crisis. As a third titanium rise of twenty-first century , has had the advantage of alternative copper from the performance , cost, life cycle , Titanium people should stop studying , refining titanium intrinsic value in desalination applications.
Recently, the reporter from the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, titanium , zirconium and hafnium branch was informed of titanium and its alloys from the original field of aviation demand driven development so far , with the play of its excellent performance , and now applications in the field of marine engineering has been fully validated , promotion value is very clear that countries in the submersible , deep-sea research station has been put on the application of titanium on the agenda . With titanium gradually entering the marine field, and its superior performance and quality titanium develop a broader space for development of marine titanium welding wire economy in pulling .
Excellent corrosion resistance of titanium is bound in the " blue economy" has its uses, blessing in human society .
Former aerospace titanium pulling flying in the sky. Future , marine engineering applications of titanium will roam the deep extension of the brilliant world .
titanium wires 3D printing leading Chinese manufacturing rise again
3D printing technology is standing on the shoulders of giants progress. 3D technology is the crystallization of a three-dimensional laser technology and computer technology is the titanium wire manufacturers inevitable result of the three-dimensional computer technology developed in the late 1960s and 1990s, laser technology and the rapid development of fusion development. Depending on the available material types and physical characteristics , corresponding to a different print mode and the corresponding 3D printing technology .
3D printing is not a panacea , or with traditional manufacturing "complementarity and common prosperity ." On the one hand , compared with the traditional manufacturing , 3D printing technology is the biggest feature of the manufacturing process "addition" principle, that step by step according to three-dimensional computer graphic design "stacking " of the product , such as manufacturing production to titanium wires avoid the traditional production process the waste materials , raw materials can be fully utilized . 3D technology also difficult to manufacture traditional manufacturing process , especially the structure of complex products , and can even be personalized manufacturing . On the other hand , 3D printing is also drawbacks , such as 3D printing is difficult for large-scale production, printing materials is limited and expensive printing equipment , etc., is difficult to determine the 3D printing completely replace traditional manufacturing .
American Civil 3D printing industry chain gradually mature : 3D printing industry in the United States , 3DSvstems and StratasVs is the most representative companies in the 3D printer is also the world's leading companies in the field of industrial chain collaboration developed into a major commercial 3D printing industry mode. Although 3DSVstems company and the company's business structure Stratasvs not identical , but there are consistent characteristics in the collaborative development of products , 3DSvstems company in addition to 3D printing equipment, sales of 3D printing services and 3D printing materials are also two major business companies , and StratasVs company more emphasis on 3D printing equipment sales, sales of 3D printing equipment company's total revenue accounted for more than 80%, 3D printing service is becoming another source of operating income .
China 3D printing technology is expected to come from behind . Although China is a gap in terms of civilian series 3D printing industry chain and product presence and abroad, but in the high-end high-performance 3D printing that is difficult to build large, complex metal processing laser direct manufacturing R & D China catch up. Professor Wang Huaming Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics inventive driven R & D team in the world for the first time developed a titanium complex components of 3D printing technology, making China the leading United States made substantial progress in high-end printing , access to defense science and technology progress award. Professor Wang Huaming this significant research results on China , making China shortens the high-end manufacturing and foreign high-end equipment manufacturing gap may even be making the Chinese high-end equipment manufacturing to keep pace with foreign high-end equipment manufacturing technology to achieve leapfrog development.
Soldiers and civilians , " wheeled" to enhance China 3D printing development. The first area is used for personal / family entertainment or children's intellectual development and other fields . titanium welding wire The second area is dedicated to research and development. Mainly for professional development in a variety of products, especially related to development practitioners. Developed by these professionals can engage in prototyping and 3D printing product trial . The third field is applied to the individual functional areas of relatively high demand . This area with the biggest difference is the first area of specialization , rather than entertainment . The fourth main application areas is the direct field of application of manufacturing processes , such as high-end traditional manufacturing process difficult machining parts. This area for the most demanding 3D technology , materials are generally high melting point metal , corresponding to the price of the device is relatively expensive. Processing of large aircraft such as load-bearing structure , landing gear or engines, gas turbines , such as leaf discs .
3D printing is not a panacea , or with traditional manufacturing "complementarity and common prosperity ." On the one hand , compared with the traditional manufacturing , 3D printing technology is the biggest feature of the manufacturing process "addition" principle, that step by step according to three-dimensional computer graphic design "stacking " of the product , such as manufacturing production to titanium wires avoid the traditional production process the waste materials , raw materials can be fully utilized . 3D technology also difficult to manufacture traditional manufacturing process , especially the structure of complex products , and can even be personalized manufacturing . On the other hand , 3D printing is also drawbacks , such as 3D printing is difficult for large-scale production, printing materials is limited and expensive printing equipment , etc., is difficult to determine the 3D printing completely replace traditional manufacturing .
American Civil 3D printing industry chain gradually mature : 3D printing industry in the United States , 3DSvstems and StratasVs is the most representative companies in the 3D printer is also the world's leading companies in the field of industrial chain collaboration developed into a major commercial 3D printing industry mode. Although 3DSVstems company and the company's business structure Stratasvs not identical , but there are consistent characteristics in the collaborative development of products , 3DSvstems company in addition to 3D printing equipment, sales of 3D printing services and 3D printing materials are also two major business companies , and StratasVs company more emphasis on 3D printing equipment sales, sales of 3D printing equipment company's total revenue accounted for more than 80%, 3D printing service is becoming another source of operating income .
China 3D printing technology is expected to come from behind . Although China is a gap in terms of civilian series 3D printing industry chain and product presence and abroad, but in the high-end high-performance 3D printing that is difficult to build large, complex metal processing laser direct manufacturing R & D China catch up. Professor Wang Huaming Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics inventive driven R & D team in the world for the first time developed a titanium complex components of 3D printing technology, making China the leading United States made substantial progress in high-end printing , access to defense science and technology progress award. Professor Wang Huaming this significant research results on China , making China shortens the high-end manufacturing and foreign high-end equipment manufacturing gap may even be making the Chinese high-end equipment manufacturing to keep pace with foreign high-end equipment manufacturing technology to achieve leapfrog development.
Soldiers and civilians , " wheeled" to enhance China 3D printing development. The first area is used for personal / family entertainment or children's intellectual development and other fields . titanium welding wire The second area is dedicated to research and development. Mainly for professional development in a variety of products, especially related to development practitioners. Developed by these professionals can engage in prototyping and 3D printing product trial . The third field is applied to the individual functional areas of relatively high demand . This area with the biggest difference is the first area of specialization , rather than entertainment . The fourth main application areas is the direct field of application of manufacturing processes , such as high-end traditional manufacturing process difficult machining parts. This area for the most demanding 3D technology , materials are generally high melting point metal , corresponding to the price of the device is relatively expensive. Processing of large aircraft such as load-bearing structure , landing gear or engines, gas turbines , such as leaf discs .
titanium welding wire Amazing Secrets: Why not see F-20 rivets
After an anti- aircraft J20 appear different from the past , the whole body almost see the rivets, some people said it was because the stealth coating covers the outside , so you do not see the rivets , in fact, this is wrong. F22 is using rivets , close look carefully you can see it. Why not F22 rivets completely covered with a coating to see it? This is because the skin is F22 by a piece of riveting rivets up, rivets can not cover for easy maintenance , in case you can quickly remove the rivets skin pulls off a piece , and can determine with the naked eye whether the fuselage skin cracks.
So J20 Why not see rivets it? In fact, this and related processing technology , due to the advances in titanium wire manufacturers technology, a large piece of titanium alloy ingots J20 using whole body casting , extrusion and then press through a dedicated , increased density , ( the two years prior to the successful development of the machine , once media have reported that this is the aircraft fuselage presses developed specifically for J20 ) , and finally the use of CNC machine tools hollowed out , which is a ** , high-precision CNC machine tools , the entire titanium aluminum alloy castings ( diameter may up to 3 meters ) hollowed out into the shape of the aircraft fuselage , so the aircraft do not need to cover the skin, the skin of the fuselage frame and a titanium alloy ingots are then processed , so do not see J20 rivets.
Such a process can greatly increase the strength of the aircraft , but also improve the accuracy of processing a lot , this is a revolutionary advancement process of the aircraft fuselage . Aircraft ever built up step by step , first build a titanium alloy frame , between the frame and bolted punch , then use a rivet on the skin . These processes entirely by hand , the precision is difficult to control , and if the bolt which does not clench or aging can lead to serious disintegration of the entire aircraft , light can also cause skin cracking, so planes have to be done to test the static -destructive testing whether the aircraft design strength . And because of the introduction of new processing technology J20 , the whole body is one, to achieve the best strength to do after high air maneuvers lead to the disintegration of the body will no longer appear .
After processing J20 in the fuselage just put on the surface of the fuselage stealth patch, we note the following diagram , J20 stealth patch is pasted a block , a bit like a submarine acoustic rubber blocks. If you later off a piece of stealth patch just paste a titanium wires new on OK, so the aircraft maintenance is very easy .
J20 of the integral processing technology is currently the world's first application in aircraft , F35 will still rely on the rivet , not to mention the Russian T50 , 20 years ago, the process is completely , there is no fundamental and J20 comparable. So an advanced aircraft can not just look at the surface , J20 to strategic needs ( to carry large amounts of fuel to increase range and large anti-ship missiles ) and designed long body, such a body if the old conventional processing technology we rely the naked eye does not feel his body proportions , the body is too long , the body is weak at the middle of stress , where the most easily broken, but after the introduction of new technology completely eliminates this drawback . So just come out when J20 foreign aircraft design experts feel incomprehensible ,titanium welding wire but once the solution to doubt its processing will become clear.
So J20 Why not see rivets it? In fact, this and related processing technology , due to the advances in titanium wire manufacturers technology, a large piece of titanium alloy ingots J20 using whole body casting , extrusion and then press through a dedicated , increased density , ( the two years prior to the successful development of the machine , once media have reported that this is the aircraft fuselage presses developed specifically for J20 ) , and finally the use of CNC machine tools hollowed out , which is a ** , high-precision CNC machine tools , the entire titanium aluminum alloy castings ( diameter may up to 3 meters ) hollowed out into the shape of the aircraft fuselage , so the aircraft do not need to cover the skin, the skin of the fuselage frame and a titanium alloy ingots are then processed , so do not see J20 rivets.
Such a process can greatly increase the strength of the aircraft , but also improve the accuracy of processing a lot , this is a revolutionary advancement process of the aircraft fuselage . Aircraft ever built up step by step , first build a titanium alloy frame , between the frame and bolted punch , then use a rivet on the skin . These processes entirely by hand , the precision is difficult to control , and if the bolt which does not clench or aging can lead to serious disintegration of the entire aircraft , light can also cause skin cracking, so planes have to be done to test the static -destructive testing whether the aircraft design strength . And because of the introduction of new processing technology J20 , the whole body is one, to achieve the best strength to do after high air maneuvers lead to the disintegration of the body will no longer appear .
After processing J20 in the fuselage just put on the surface of the fuselage stealth patch, we note the following diagram , J20 stealth patch is pasted a block , a bit like a submarine acoustic rubber blocks. If you later off a piece of stealth patch just paste a titanium wires new on OK, so the aircraft maintenance is very easy .
J20 of the integral processing technology is currently the world's first application in aircraft , F35 will still rely on the rivet , not to mention the Russian T50 , 20 years ago, the process is completely , there is no fundamental and J20 comparable. So an advanced aircraft can not just look at the surface , J20 to strategic needs ( to carry large amounts of fuel to increase range and large anti-ship missiles ) and designed long body, such a body if the old conventional processing technology we rely the naked eye does not feel his body proportions , the body is too long , the body is weak at the middle of stress , where the most easily broken, but after the introduction of new technology completely eliminates this drawback . So just come out when J20 foreign aircraft design experts feel incomprehensible ,titanium welding wire but once the solution to doubt its processing will become clear.
titanium spring wire Difference titanium, aluminum
Titanium and aluminum are essentially different , but sometimes they are just like some of the products , it is not difficult to identify them carefully observed , particularly titanium magnesium alloy doors and aluminum doors , details about the specific titanium wire manufacturers distinction below :
1, the titanium added to the titanium- based alloy other alloying elements called titanium . Titanium has a low density , high strength , corrosion resistance , good process performance , etc., is an ideal aerospace engineering structural materials. Titanium and titanium alloy structure can be divided into heat titanium, titanium alloy , or α , β , and α + β type titanium alloy titanium alloy . Study also include forming technology of titanium alloys , powder metallurgy technology, rapid solidification technology , titanium military and civilian fields.
2 , aluminum is aluminum made by adding some alloying elements such as aluminum - manganese alloys, aluminum - copper alloys, aluminum - copper - magnesium-based hard alloy, Al - Zn - Mg - Cu based hard alloys. Aluminum has a better than aluminum physical and mechanical properties : easy processing , high durability , wide application , good decorative effect , rich color . Rust-proof aluminum into aluminum, hard aluminum , hard aluminum and other types of various types have their own range , titanium wires and have their own code , in order for users to choose.
3 , remains a lightweight aluminum features, but significantly improved mechanical properties . Application of aluminum alloy has the following three aspects : First, as the force components ; Second, as doors, windows , pipes, covers, shells and other materials ; Third, as a decorative and insulating material . After the use of aluminum anodized characteristics can be colored , made of various decorations. Aluminum alloy sheet, the surface profile can be corrosion, ginning , painting, printing and other secondary processing to produce a variety of decorative plates, titanium welding wire profiles, as a decorative material.
1, the titanium added to the titanium- based alloy other alloying elements called titanium . Titanium has a low density , high strength , corrosion resistance , good process performance , etc., is an ideal aerospace engineering structural materials. Titanium and titanium alloy structure can be divided into heat titanium, titanium alloy , or α , β , and α + β type titanium alloy titanium alloy . Study also include forming technology of titanium alloys , powder metallurgy technology, rapid solidification technology , titanium military and civilian fields.
2 , aluminum is aluminum made by adding some alloying elements such as aluminum - manganese alloys, aluminum - copper alloys, aluminum - copper - magnesium-based hard alloy, Al - Zn - Mg - Cu based hard alloys. Aluminum has a better than aluminum physical and mechanical properties : easy processing , high durability , wide application , good decorative effect , rich color . Rust-proof aluminum into aluminum, hard aluminum , hard aluminum and other types of various types have their own range , titanium wires and have their own code , in order for users to choose.
3 , remains a lightweight aluminum features, but significantly improved mechanical properties . Application of aluminum alloy has the following three aspects : First, as the force components ; Second, as doors, windows , pipes, covers, shells and other materials ; Third, as a decorative and insulating material . After the use of aluminum anodized characteristics can be colored , made of various decorations. Aluminum alloy sheet, the surface profile can be corrosion, ginning , painting, printing and other secondary processing to produce a variety of decorative plates, titanium welding wire profiles, as a decorative material.
titanium spring wire China laser forming of titanium alloy
China laser forming of titanium alloy components than the U.S.
Recent CCTV program " Face to Face" on the F -15 had an interview with the chief architect of Sun Cong , which disclose a lot of important information about the "Flying Shark" developed . Which CCTV reporters Cong Sun , also spoke in particular of the " next titanium wire manufacturers generation of aircraft should definitely have plans ." This makes the future of China 's military enthusiasts carrier aircraft and more full of expectation . But we are looking forward to the second generation of domestic aircraft carriers , while the J-15 may wish to present a more objective and comprehensive understanding. Chinese aircraft carriers in the process of development, the J-15 is by no means merely a platform to meet the initial landing of aircraft , more than those who were later replaced by the short-lived "third generation fighter " , but to be in a long-term process the main role of an offense and defense .
November 2012 , CCTV reported during the first carrier-based aircraft taking off and landing aircraft , the F -15 is so introduced : a successful landing on the Liaoning number of F- 15 fighter , is China 's first self- designed and developed carrier -based multirole fighter , with completely independent intellectual property rights , it has a combat radius , mobility, payload and more features ; according to different combat missions, carry multiple anti-ship missiles, air to air missiles, ground missiles and precision-guided bombs and other precision strike weapons , with full sea , the whole airspace strike capability. The performance of the J-15 , Su-33 with Russia , the United States and other world F/A-18 main carrier-based fighter comparable active , so as the ferocious powerful air "flying shark ."
SUN Cong in the CCTV program " Face to Face" is the definition of F -15 : J-15 is the first generation to produce air -based multi-role fighter of our country, should belong to the third-generation fighter , the difference is such a difference , it China 's aviation started quite late , but the starting point has the advantage .
To produce a space-based multi-role fighter , the J-15 is a qualitative judgment. In "Face to Face " program commentary revealed that the F -15 F -11 fighter is based on the development of our own production , the assembly has canard , folding wings , tail hook fitted with stern features , such as carrier-based aircraft , high gear strength. As we all know , J-11 is a twin-engine heavy " air superiority " fighter , so on the basis of its research and development of the F -15, in the fight for control of the air have certain advantages. Russia's Su-33 also reflects this feature , from the indicators, the Su-33 in addition to weight ratio on behind the Rafale M, titanium wires while basic and F/A-18E and Rafale M flat in other areas, and the Soviet Union - the weight ratio to more than 33 Super Hornet , so the air combat capability to more than F/A-18E.
But it is generally for the Su-33 combat performance is not good, because the Su-33 is the first empty weight too . Su-33 's empty weight reached 18.4 tons , more than the F/A-18E of 13.4 tons , is much larger than the "Rafale M" of 9.7 tons . This means that the Su-33 payload and fuel takeoff in carrying amount will be relatively limited, which limits the performance of the Su-33 in combat . Followed avionics relatively backward . Su-33 avionics basically behind the F/A-18E fighter 10-15 years. With the United States has a strong F/A-18E avionics base , which has better avionics and man-machine interface , which make up the gap with the Su-33 's flight performance alone . U.S. aircraft carrier battle group plus the warning means , the actual combat "Super Hornet" instead of pressing the Su-33 to play .
Therefore, it is very similar to the evaluation and control of the air performance of the J-15 Su-33 , but also to see whether it can solve these two major problems. The first is the weight loss. Modern fighter to lose weight, there are two ways nothing less . The first is to optimize the design , and the second is the use of new materials. Former Soviet Su-27 design fully embodies the idea of weight loss . The use of titanium welding wire more than 60% of aircraft aluminum , due to the widespread adoption of integrated structural system layout , the overall , integrated structure and layout , structural design partial rationalization to reduce the structural weight . The Sun Cong also mentioned in the CCTV interview : " weight loss is a very complex work , if at first you load the design, the structure of this design dexterity , the efficiency of the structure is in the selection, and so on. other to achieve reduction in weight of the final series . "
Recent CCTV program " Face to Face" on the F -15 had an interview with the chief architect of Sun Cong , which disclose a lot of important information about the "Flying Shark" developed . Which CCTV reporters Cong Sun , also spoke in particular of the " next titanium wire manufacturers generation of aircraft should definitely have plans ." This makes the future of China 's military enthusiasts carrier aircraft and more full of expectation . But we are looking forward to the second generation of domestic aircraft carriers , while the J-15 may wish to present a more objective and comprehensive understanding. Chinese aircraft carriers in the process of development, the J-15 is by no means merely a platform to meet the initial landing of aircraft , more than those who were later replaced by the short-lived "third generation fighter " , but to be in a long-term process the main role of an offense and defense .
November 2012 , CCTV reported during the first carrier-based aircraft taking off and landing aircraft , the F -15 is so introduced : a successful landing on the Liaoning number of F- 15 fighter , is China 's first self- designed and developed carrier -based multirole fighter , with completely independent intellectual property rights , it has a combat radius , mobility, payload and more features ; according to different combat missions, carry multiple anti-ship missiles, air to air missiles, ground missiles and precision-guided bombs and other precision strike weapons , with full sea , the whole airspace strike capability. The performance of the J-15 , Su-33 with Russia , the United States and other world F/A-18 main carrier-based fighter comparable active , so as the ferocious powerful air "flying shark ."
SUN Cong in the CCTV program " Face to Face" is the definition of F -15 : J-15 is the first generation to produce air -based multi-role fighter of our country, should belong to the third-generation fighter , the difference is such a difference , it China 's aviation started quite late , but the starting point has the advantage .
To produce a space-based multi-role fighter , the J-15 is a qualitative judgment. In "Face to Face " program commentary revealed that the F -15 F -11 fighter is based on the development of our own production , the assembly has canard , folding wings , tail hook fitted with stern features , such as carrier-based aircraft , high gear strength. As we all know , J-11 is a twin-engine heavy " air superiority " fighter , so on the basis of its research and development of the F -15, in the fight for control of the air have certain advantages. Russia's Su-33 also reflects this feature , from the indicators, the Su-33 in addition to weight ratio on behind the Rafale M, titanium wires while basic and F/A-18E and Rafale M flat in other areas, and the Soviet Union - the weight ratio to more than 33 Super Hornet , so the air combat capability to more than F/A-18E.
But it is generally for the Su-33 combat performance is not good, because the Su-33 is the first empty weight too . Su-33 's empty weight reached 18.4 tons , more than the F/A-18E of 13.4 tons , is much larger than the "Rafale M" of 9.7 tons . This means that the Su-33 payload and fuel takeoff in carrying amount will be relatively limited, which limits the performance of the Su-33 in combat . Followed avionics relatively backward . Su-33 avionics basically behind the F/A-18E fighter 10-15 years. With the United States has a strong F/A-18E avionics base , which has better avionics and man-machine interface , which make up the gap with the Su-33 's flight performance alone . U.S. aircraft carrier battle group plus the warning means , the actual combat "Super Hornet" instead of pressing the Su-33 to play .
Therefore, it is very similar to the evaluation and control of the air performance of the J-15 Su-33 , but also to see whether it can solve these two major problems. The first is the weight loss. Modern fighter to lose weight, there are two ways nothing less . The first is to optimize the design , and the second is the use of new materials. Former Soviet Su-27 design fully embodies the idea of weight loss . The use of titanium welding wire more than 60% of aircraft aluminum , due to the widespread adoption of integrated structural system layout , the overall , integrated structure and layout , structural design partial rationalization to reduce the structural weight . The Sun Cong also mentioned in the CCTV interview : " weight loss is a very complex work , if at first you load the design, the structure of this design dexterity , the efficiency of the structure is in the selection, and so on. other to achieve reduction in weight of the final series . "
titanium spring wire So now we have to judge the performance
So now we have to judge the performance of the J-15 , "and the Russian
Su-33 , the United States and other world serving the main carrier-based
F/A-18 fighter comparable " is not mere propaganda but has real
technical basis . But now a lot of point of view, the F -15 flying leaps
slippery way , there are inherent deficiencies , limiting the titanium welding wire J-15
multi-purpose aspects of sea attacks on the performance of the ground .
Well, J-15 can not be converted into a catapult off?
Jet aircraft carrier aircraft flying leaps off the slide to eject the world seems to be no precedent . But that does not violate the basic laws of modern aircraft design . Generally considered to catapult off part of the landing gear strengthened, while flying leaps slip you do not need ; And both need to block cable landing approach , the structure of the body and therefore must be strengthened to cope with the huge impact landing brought . It can be seen to be modified F- 15 catapult takeoff , it is necessary to increase the weight . After some calculations , now converted catapult takeoff F -15 to strengthen the landing gear may have to gain weight 300 kg . This strict control of the empty weight of the J-15 , it is not good news . But also with a view of the F- 15 converted into the catapult can also lose weight, because the original slide flying leaps in order to improve the performance and design of low-speed flight -lift devices, such as the F -15 canard , etc. , you can catapult takeoff under way canceled. Thus , compared to calculate the modified F -15 increasing weight can be controlled at 200 kg. And in the " face to face" program, many users found that the F -15 landing gear " very thick " , so some people do have to determine the J-15 loaded catapult take-off "program ." Catapult takeoff can further increase the F -15 fully loaded takeoff weight , thereby increasing the fuel load and the F -15 weapon mount titanium spring wire capability, which has a very large significance for the F- 15 aircraft carrier battle groups to improve their performance .
Thus, " an airplane out of a series of development is certainly , then this series to a certain extent , there will almost certainly be the next generation of aircraft arrangements ." We should SUN Cong chief architect of the program, said these words , be depth thinking. Some people may think that the development of the J-15 ejection type of equipment requires China has an aircraft carrier catapult , it is definitely not happen overnight. So at this time, why the Chinese J-15 efforts, not as a direct development of a new generation of stealth aircraft carrier .
But in fact , the Air Force and Navy air combat styles are very different . Air Force Materiel fourth generation titanium wire manufacturers fighter is without a doubt the king . However, naval equipment , the development of fourth-generation stealth aircraft is even more complex, and the status of three generations of heavy machine also more than we thought it would be stable .
Jet aircraft carrier aircraft flying leaps off the slide to eject the world seems to be no precedent . But that does not violate the basic laws of modern aircraft design . Generally considered to catapult off part of the landing gear strengthened, while flying leaps slip you do not need ; And both need to block cable landing approach , the structure of the body and therefore must be strengthened to cope with the huge impact landing brought . It can be seen to be modified F- 15 catapult takeoff , it is necessary to increase the weight . After some calculations , now converted catapult takeoff F -15 to strengthen the landing gear may have to gain weight 300 kg . This strict control of the empty weight of the J-15 , it is not good news . But also with a view of the F- 15 converted into the catapult can also lose weight, because the original slide flying leaps in order to improve the performance and design of low-speed flight -lift devices, such as the F -15 canard , etc. , you can catapult takeoff under way canceled. Thus , compared to calculate the modified F -15 increasing weight can be controlled at 200 kg. And in the " face to face" program, many users found that the F -15 landing gear " very thick " , so some people do have to determine the J-15 loaded catapult take-off "program ." Catapult takeoff can further increase the F -15 fully loaded takeoff weight , thereby increasing the fuel load and the F -15 weapon mount titanium spring wire capability, which has a very large significance for the F- 15 aircraft carrier battle groups to improve their performance .
Thus, " an airplane out of a series of development is certainly , then this series to a certain extent , there will almost certainly be the next generation of aircraft arrangements ." We should SUN Cong chief architect of the program, said these words , be depth thinking. Some people may think that the development of the J-15 ejection type of equipment requires China has an aircraft carrier catapult , it is definitely not happen overnight. So at this time, why the Chinese J-15 efforts, not as a direct development of a new generation of stealth aircraft carrier .
But in fact , the Air Force and Navy air combat styles are very different . Air Force Materiel fourth generation titanium wire manufacturers fighter is without a doubt the king . However, naval equipment , the development of fourth-generation stealth aircraft is even more complex, and the status of three generations of heavy machine also more than we thought it would be stable .
titanium spring wire Besides the extensive use of new materials
Besides the extensive use of new materials has become a common method of
combat aircraft to lose weight . Weight loss in the application of new
materials , the use of titanium and composite titanium spring wire materials are becoming
more mainstream . F-22 titanium and composite materials using the ratio
has reached 66% , while the traditional steel and aluminum is less than
20 %. From the recent media reports , China in the development of
aviation titanium is very fast. China's titanium research and
development, its performance level , production technology, processes
and standards currently have reached the world advanced level. In the
processing of titanium, January 18, 2013 2012 annual meeting of the
National Science and Technology Awards Conference, Professor Wang
Huaming Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics presided over
the " large complex plane forming an integral itanium wires member titanium laser
technology" First State Technological Invention Award Award. This means
that China has become the country after the United States , the world's
second master aircraft titanium alloy structural components rapid
prototyping and laser technology . And our country is better than the
United States has been able to produce laser forming titanium
components, to become the world's only master laser forming titanium
large main bearing components manufactured and put into practical
country. China 's J- 15 if they can embody innovative design features to
minimize the weight of the structure , while a large number of new
applications aviation titanium and other materials on the materials,
coupled with the country already have some basic composites, the empty
weight of the F -15 to achieve the decrease is absolutely no problem.
Followed in the avionics field . With respect to the former Soviet Union , China 's electronics industry is rapidly catching up the world advanced level . On airborne fire control radar, China 's J-10 , J- 11 has been equipped with multi-function pulse Doppler radar , according to media reports more new F-10B fighter equipped with phased array radar. Since China on phased array radar transceiver components and VLSI technology has made great progress , so the F- 15 airborne radar in terms of fully capable titanium welding wire and " Super Hornet" in the same grade , and can even reach gusts M level. And in the past and have been complex and cumbersome Soviet fighter cockpit flight instruments compared to China's large fleet of three generations of fighters have installed a large number of multi-function displays, and even spend a color LCD display. In the CCTV program " Face to Face" , some users have found that the J-15 cockpit simulator there are at least three multi-function display . It should be said , the F -15 cockpit whole technical level , although not comparable with the F-35, but reached the level of M Super Hornet is no problem .
Followed in the avionics field . With respect to the former Soviet Union , China 's electronics industry is rapidly catching up the world advanced level . On airborne fire control radar, China 's J-10 , J- 11 has been equipped with multi-function pulse Doppler radar , according to media reports more new F-10B fighter equipped with phased array radar. Since China on phased array radar transceiver components and VLSI technology has made great progress , so the F- 15 airborne radar in terms of fully capable titanium welding wire and " Super Hornet" in the same grade , and can even reach gusts M level. And in the past and have been complex and cumbersome Soviet fighter cockpit flight instruments compared to China's large fleet of three generations of fighters have installed a large number of multi-function displays, and even spend a color LCD display. In the CCTV program " Face to Face" , some users have found that the J-15 cockpit simulator there are at least three multi-function display . It should be said , the F -15 cockpit whole technical level , although not comparable with the F-35, but reached the level of M Super Hornet is no problem .
2014年4月22日星期二
titanium wires Historical development of titanium alloys
Titanium
is an important structural metal in the 1950s developed , titanium
because of its high strength, corrosion resistance, and high heat
resistance, is widely used in various fields . Many countries recognize the importance of titanium alloy materials ,
have their research and development , and has been applied .Titanium
is the first practical United States in titanium wire 1954 successfully developed
Ti-6Al-4V alloy , because of its heat resistance, strength , ductility,
toughness , formability , weldability , corrosion resistance and
biocompatibility are preferably
, the titanium industry become ace alloy , the alloy of the amount of
75% to 85% account for all of the titanium alloy . Many other titanium alloys can be regarded as modified Ti-6Al-4V alloy.1950s
and 1960s, mainly the development of high temperature titanium and
titanium alloy airframe structures used in aircraft engine , the 1970s
developed a number of corrosion resistant alloys, since the 1980s ,
corrosion resistance and high strength titanium alloy titanium further development. Temperature resistant titanium alloy 400 ℃ from the 1950s up to the 1990s 600 ~ 650 ℃. Appears
A2 (Ti3Al) and r (TiAl) based alloys , titanium propulsion engines use
part of the engine being cold side ( fan and compressor ) to the hot end
of the engine ( turbine ) direction . The development of the high-strength titanium alloy structure , high
plastic , high strength and high toughness , high modulus and high
damage tolerance direction .In addition , since the 1970s , there was even a Ti-Ni, Ti-Ni-Fe,
Ti-Ni-Nb shape memory alloys , etc. , and get increasingly widely used
in engineering .World
has been developed hundreds of titanium , most notably 20 to 30 kinds
of alloys , such as Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-2Al-2.5Zr, Ti-32Mo, Ti- Mo-Ni, Ti-Pd, SP-700, Ti-6242, Ti-10-5-3, Ti-1023, BT9, BT20, IMI829, IMI834 , etc. [ 2,4 ] .According
to relevant statistics , in 2012 China's chemical industry with a
capacity of 25,000 tons of titanium , a decrease over 2011 . This is since 2009 , China's chemical market with titanium first negative growth . In
recent years , the chemical industry has been the largest user of
titanium processing material , the amount of titanium proportion of the
total amount has remained above 50% , in 2011 accounting for up to 55%. But
with the economic downturn period , the chemical industry is not only
new projects significantly reduced, while also facing the industrial
structure adjustment, the new production of
some products can be controlled , backward production capacity will be phased out of the situation. Affected by its shrinking titanium wire price amount of titanium mill has become a matter of course . Prior to this , there will be insiders predict the chemical industry reached a peak of titanium in 2013 and 2015 . It seems that the current market performance , the overall weakness in the economy in 2012 may make the chemical industry recession titanium advance.
some products can be controlled , backward production capacity will be phased out of the situation. Affected by its shrinking titanium wire price amount of titanium mill has become a matter of course . Prior to this , there will be insiders predict the chemical industry reached a peak of titanium in 2013 and 2015 . It seems that the current market performance , the overall weakness in the economy in 2012 may make the chemical industry recession titanium advance.
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